2 releases

0.6.1	Jun 28, 2024
0.6.0	Jun 18, 2024

#60 in Internationalization (i18n)

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MIT license

26KB
109 lines

crate typed-i18n

Convert a language file and an enum into a type safe i18n system.

Basic Usage

Yaml language file: (json and lrc is also supported, more below)

hello_world:
  en: Hello World
  de: Hallo Welt
hello_you:
  en: Hello %{name}

Code:

#[derive(Copy, Clone, TypedI18N)]
#[typed_i18n(filename = "example.yaml")]
#[typed_i18n(builder = "mixed_str", prefix = "str_")]
enum Language { En, De }

Generated code:

impl Language {
    fn str_hello_world(self) -> &'static str;
    fn str_hello_you(self, name: &str) -> String;
}

Usage:

fn print_hello(language: Language, name: Option<&str>){
  if let Some(name) = name {
    println!("{}", language.str_hello_you(name));
  } else {
    println!("{}", language.str_hello_world());
  }
}

A global stored language is also supported, see global below.

More builders

Different generators add different code:

#[typed_i18n(builder = "static_str", prefix = "sta_")]
#[typed_i18n(builder = "String")]

Generated code:

impl Language {
    fn sta_hello_world(self) -> &'static str;
    // The static_str builder skips all parameterized messages
    fn hello_world(self) -> String;
    fn hello_you(self, name: &str) -> String;
}

Other output types

Also types other than strings are possible:

#in addition to the messages above
hello_with_icon:
  en: Hello %{name}*{icon}

#[typed_i18n(builder = "HtmlBuilder", input = "Html", prefix = "html_")]

Generated code:

impl Language {
    fn html_hello_world(self) -> <HtmlBuilder as Builder>::Output;
    fn html_hello_you(self, name: &str) -> <HtmlBuilder as Builder>::Output;
    fn html_hello_with_icon<T1: Into<Html>>(
        self,
        name: &str,
        icon: T1,
    ) -> <HtmlBuilder as Builder>::Output;
}

See examples for a HtmlBuilder for yew::Html implementation.

Input

Fields:

filename: the path to the translations, relative to the crate root (required).
separator: used for combining paths of a tree, default: _.
global: used for a global stored language, see global below, default: not used.

Example:

#[typed_i18n(filename = "example.yaml", separator = "_")]

The messages can be supplied in

yaml (as seen in the examples above)
json
lrc

json:

{"hello_world": {"en": "Hello World"}}

The yaml and json files may have a _version: 2 entry, to be compatible with other i18n tools. (Other numbers are an error, omitting it is ok.)

The yaml and json files may have a deeper tree. In that case the separator is used to join the segments into a function name.

Example:

hello:
  world:
    en: Hello World
  you:
    en: Hello %{name}

With the separator _ it will result in the same names as the examples above. This may help you structure the messages.

Since the name is a function name a . as a separator is not allowed, but you can use · (U+00B7).

lrc:

; lines starting with `;` or `/` will be skipped
#hello_world
  en Hello World

Output

Fields:

builder: The name of an item which implements Builder, or a special value.
prefix: Prefix for all functions generated by this builder, default: the empty string.
str_conversion: How to convert str parameters, default ref.
input: Type of the input (for typed inputs), default: no input.
input_conversion: How to convert the parameter into the input type, default: into.

`builder`

Must be either a special value or a type for which Builder is implemented.

All builders without a input type will skip all messages for it.

All the builders below are built-in. The input must not be set for these. Always available:

static_str: all messages without parameters have the return type &'static str. All others are skipped.
mixed_str: all messages without parameters have the return type &'static str all others will have the return type String.
String
Cow<'static, str>
_: The functions will be generic over the builder type. This is sometimes not helpful, e.g. when .into() or .as_ref() will be called on the result of the function.

All except static_str and _ require the feature alloc (enabled by default) and that String or Cow is in scope.

To learn about custom type builder see the example above and in the examples directory.

`prefix`

All functions of this builder will be composed of the prefix and the message name.

Using identical prefixes or overlapping names will result in functions with identical names and thus result in a compile error. This will not be checked by the derive macro.

`str_conversion`

The conversion for all string (normal) %{param} parameters:

ref (default): fn str_hello_you(self, name: &str) -> String.
as_ref: fn str_hello_you<S1: AsRef<str>>(self, name: S1) -> String.

`input`

Type of the input for typed *{param} parameters.

All builders without input will silently skip all messages with typed parameters.

With _ a generic function over the input type is created. May lead to the same problems as a generic builder type.

`input_conversion`

How to convert the types inputs:

value: The input type as parameter: fn html_hello_with_icon(self, name: &str, icon: Input) -> <HtmlBuilder as BuilderFromValue>::Output
into (default): Something that can be converted into the input type: fn html_hello_with_icon<T1: Into<Input>>(self, name: &str, icon: T1) -> <HtmlBuilder as BuilderFromValue>::Output
ref: A reference to the input type: fn html_hello_with_icon(self, name: &str, icon: &Input) -> <HtmlBuilder as BuilderFromRef>::Output
as_ref: Something that can be converted into a reference to the input type: fn html_hello_with_icon<T1: AsRef<Input>>(self, name: &str, icon: T1) -> <HtmlBuilder as BuilderFromRef>::Output

For value and into to work the builder must also implement BuilderFromValue.

For ref and as_ref to work the builder must also implement BuilderFromRef.

Language

The enum values can be annotated with:

name: The name of the language in the messages file, defaults to the name of the value in snake_case.
fallback: A space and/or comma separated list of language names which defines which language should be used when a message is missing. Default: all languages in listing order (not necessary in numerical order).
default: Is used for a global storage. Only one language may be the default.

Example:

#[derive(Copy, Clone, TypedI18N)]
#[typed_i18n(filename = "example.yaml")]
#[typed_i18n(builder = "mixed_str", prefix = "str_")]
enum Language {
  De,
  #[typed_i18n(name = "en")]
  English,
  #[typed_i18n(fallback = "en, de")]
  EnAu,
}

Global

It is possible to generate a global language storage.

Code:

#[derive(Copy, Clone, TypedI18N)]
#[typed_i18n(filename = "example.yaml", global = "atomic")]
#[typed_i18n(builder = "static_str")]
enum Language { En, #[typed_i18n(default = "true")] De }

Generated code:

impl Language {
    fn global() -> Self;
    fn set_global(self);
}

Example usage:

// de is the default
assert_eq!(Language::global().hello_world(), "Hallo Welt");
Language::En.set_global();
assert_eq!(Language::global().hello_world(), "Hello world");

The default language (either marked as such, see example above, or the first one) is initially stored as the global language.

Currently atomic is the only implementation, which uses an AtomicU8 to store the language. The conversion does not depend on the representation of the enum. In case of more than 256 languages an AtomicUsize is used.

Features

alloc, enabled by default: Provide Builder implementations for String and Cow<'static, str>, also support mixed_str.

The library is always no_std.

Dependencies

~3.5–4.5MB
~87K SLoC