21 releases
0.11.0-beta.8 | Sep 5, 2024 |
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0.11.0-beta.6 | Jun 8, 2024 |
0.11.0-beta.5 | Mar 29, 2024 |
0.11.0-beta.3 | Dec 30, 2023 |
0.10.0-beta.1 | Mar 28, 2023 |
#9 in #lnp-bp
141 downloads per month
Used in 3 crates
140KB
2.5K
SLoC
Basic concepts
In order to understand the following content, you need to grasp these prerequisite concepts.
Schema
The RGB protocol uses Schemas, akin to classes in OOP, defines the contract business logic, i.e. how the contract works. Each RGB contract is an instance of a schema created via the schema's genesis operation, separating roles for contract developers and issuers for easier operation.
State
The global state applies to the entire contract (for example the name of token, is not belong to any party of the contract), while the ownable state is associated with specific single-use seals. Contracts also use special syntax structures like braces, brackets, and question marks to denote sets or arrays of data types involved in state operations and their optionality.
The state extension allows the public to participate in specific logical parts of the contract, such as declaring a Burn. State extension operations allow anyone to create state extensions without on-chain commitments, similar to Bitcoin transactions not yet packaged into a block.
Interface
In RGB, contract interfaces are similar to Ethereum’s ERC standards. Generic interfaces are called “RGBxx” and are defined as independent LNP/BP standards.
Interface Definition: Defines global states (like Ticker and Name) and ownable states (like Inflation and Asset), along with operations (like Issue and Transfer).
Interface Implementation: When implementing an interface, states and operations of a specific schema are bound to the interface. For example, the FungibleToken interface implements global and ownable state bindings for the DecentralizedIdentity schema.
Install
from source
$ git clone <https://github.com/RGB-WG/rgb>
$ cd rgb/cli
$ cargo install --path --all-features .
Data Directory
The RGB wallet stores its data in a directory specified by the DATA_DIR
constant.
The DATA_DIR_ENV
environment variable be used to override the default data directory location. If not set, the
default data directory locations are:
- Linux and BSD-based systems:
~/.lnp-bp
- macOS:
~/Library/Application Support/LNP-BP Suite
- Windows:
%LOCALAPPDATA%\\LNP-BP Suite
- iOS:
~/Documents
- Android:
.
(the current working directory)
The wallet will create the data directory if it does not already exist. The data directory is used to store the wallet's configuration, transaction history, and other persistent data.
The base directory of the wallet will be $data_dir/$network
.
Configuration File
The default configuration file is rgb.toml
.
Currently, the only supported configuration key is default_wallet
, and the default value is default
.
Overview
Here is the command line help for rgb-cli.
Command-line wallet for RGB smart contracts on Bitcoin
Usage: rgb [OPTIONS] <COMMAND>
Commands:
list List known wallets
default Get or set default wallet
create Create a wallet
address Generate a new wallet address(es)
taprets
schemata Prints out list of known RGB schemata
interfaces Prints out list of known RGB interfaces
contracts Prints out list of known RGB contracts
import Imports RGB data into the stash: contracts, schema, interfaces, etc
export Exports existing RGB contract
armor Convert binary RGB file into a text armored version
state Reports information about state of a contract
history-fungible Print operation history for a default fungible token under a given interface
utxos Display all known UTXOs belonging to this wallet
issue Issues new contract
invoice Create new invoice
prepare Prepare PSBT file for transferring RGB assets. In the most of cases you need to use `transfer` command instead of `prepare` and `consign`
consign Prepare consignment for transferring RGB assets. In the most of cases you need to use `transfer` command instead of `prepare` and `consign`
transfer Transfer RGB assets
inspect Inspects any RGB data file
dump Debug-dump all stash and inventory data
validate Validate transfer consignment
accept Validate transfer consignment & accept to the stash
help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
Options:
-v, --verbose...
Set verbosity level
-w, --wallet <NAME>
-W, --wallet-path <WALLET_PATH>
Path to wallet directory
--tapret-key-only <TAPRET_KEY_ONLY>
Use tapret(KEY) descriptor as wallet
--wpkh <WPKH>
Use wpkh(KEY) descriptor as wallet
-e, --esplora <URL>
Esplora server to use [env: ESPLORA_SERVER=] [default: <https://blockstream.info/testnet/api>]
--sync
-d, --data-dir <DATA_DIR>
Data directory path [env: LNPBP_DATA_DIR=] [default: ~/.lnp-bp]
-n, --network <NETWORK>
Network to use [env: LNPBP_NETWORK=] [default: testnet]
-h, --help
Print help (see more with '--help')
-V, --version
Print version
Preparation
Create a wallet
To create a wallet, you need to prepare a wallet descriptor. You can create a wallet via bdk-cli
or other similar
utilities.
Here is an example descriptor:
[1f09c6b9/86h/1h/0h]tpubDCrfSMscBA93FWm8qounj6kcBjnw6LxmVeKSi6VoYS327VCpoLHARWjdqeVtDt2ujDRznB9m1uXpHkDpDXyXM5gsvg2bMMmFcSHrtWUA4Py/<0;1;9;10>/*
$ rgb create my_wallet --wpkh "[1f09c6b9/86h/1h/0h]tpubDCrfSMscBA93FWm8qounj6kcBjnw6LxmVeKSi6VoYS327VCpoLHARWjdqeVtDt2ujDRznB9m1uXpHkDpDXyXM5gsvg2bMMmFcSHrtWUA4Py/<0;1;9;10>/*"
Now we can find the related files created in the wallet runtime directory:
$ ls ~/.lnp-bp/testnet3/my_wallet
cache.yaml data.toml descriptor.toml
List wallets
Usage:
$ rgb list
Example output:
Known wallets:
my_wallet
Set default wallet
Now let’s set our default wallet to my_wallet
$ rgb default my_wallet
Assets
Import schemata
The schemata file’s name ends with .rgba
, and the standard schemata can be found
in https://github.com/RGB-WG/rgb-schemata
repository.
You can take a look at https://github.com/RGB-WG/rgb-schemata/blob/master/schemata/NonInflatableAssets.rgba which is the NIA schema.
Example:
$ rgb import rgb-schemata/schemata/NonInflatableAssets.rgb
List schemata
$ rgb schemata
Example Output:
urn:lnp-bp:sc:9ZKGvK-tGs6nJvr-HQVRDDyV-zPnJYE5U-J2mb6yDi-PgBrby#frog-order-costume
Import interface
Now we need to import the interface definition and interface implementation, otherwise you may encounter an error:
Error: no known interface implementation for XXX
Execute:
$ rgb import ../rgb-schemata/interfaces/RGB20.rgb
$ rgb import ../rgb-schemata/schemata/NonInflatableAssets-RGB20.rgb
List interface
$ rgb interfaces
RGB21 urn:lnp-bp:if:KtMq1E-bFRhMzn5-sc9NezhQ-kn2JzeJn-VxjDCqru-sieYa#portal-ecology-hostel
RGB25 urn:lnp-bp:if:75swax-yN5mDaKB-B3peGeLu-tLctU3Ef-rAjFySp7-RMLTVF#cable-kayak-david
RGB20 urn:lnp-bp:if:9UMsvx-HkLVK5VT-GkSy7yNU-ihAUBo7a-hxQvLCFq-U4aouK#object-spring-silk
Issue a contract
Usage:
$ rgb issue [OPTIONS] <SCHEMA_ID> <CONTRACT_PATH>
Tutorial:
Write a contract declaration. (YAML in this example)
interface: RGB20
globals:
spec:
naming:
ticker: DBG
name: Debug asset
details: "Pay attention: the asset has no value"
precision: 2
data:
terms: >
SUBJECT TO, AND WITHOUT IN ANY WAY LIMITING, THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF ANY SELLER
EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER EXPRESS OBLIGATION OF SELLERS PURSUANT TO THE
TERMS HEREOF, AND ACKNOWLEDGING THE PRIOR USE OF THE PROPERTY AND PURCHASER’S OPPORTUNITY
TO INSPECT THE PROPERTY, PURCHASER AGREES TO PURCHASE THE PROPERTY “AS IS”, “WHERE IS”,
WITH ALL FAULTS AND CONDITIONS THEREON. ANY WRITTEN OR ORAL INFORMATION, REPORTS, STATEMENTS,
DOCUMENTS OR RECORDS CONCERNING THE PROPERTY PROVIDED OR MADE AVAILABLE TO PURCHASER, ITS AGENTS
OR CONSTITUENTS BY ANY SELLER, ANY SELLER’S AGENTS, EMPLOYEES OR THIRD PARTIES REPRESENTING OR
PURPORTING TO REPRESENT ANY SELLER, SHALL NOT BE REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, UNLESS
SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH HEREIN. IN PURCHASING THE PROPERTY OR TAKING OTHER ACTION HEREUNDER,
PURCHASER HAS NOT AND SHALL NOT RELY ON ANY SUCH DISCLOSURES, BUT RATHER, PURCHASER SHALL RELY
ONLY ON PURCHASER’S OWN INSPECTION OF THE PROPERTY AND THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
HEREIN. PURCHASER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT THE PURCHASE PRICE REFLECTS AND TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THAT THE
PROPERTY IS BEING SOLD “AS IS”.
media: ~
issuedSupply: 100000000
created: 1687969158
assignments:
assetOwner:
seal: tapret1st:fb9ae7ae4b70a27e7fdfdefac91b37967b549d65007dbf25470b0817a2ae810a:1
amount: 100000000 # this is 1 million (we have two digits for cents)
Here, we observe a seal value in the form of closing_method:txid:vout
and here closing method is tapret1st
(can also
be opret1st
). This hash, in reality, represents the txid of the previously created PSBT. And txid:vout
is the
outpoint of a valid UTXO.
Compile the contract:
$ rgb issue urn:lnp-bp:sc:9ZKGvK-tGs6nJvr-HQVRDDyV-zPnJYE5U-J2mb6yDi-PgBrby#frog-order-costume ./examples/rgb20-demo.yaml
A contract (which also serves as a consignment) will be generated and imported into the current runtime's stock.
Output:
A new contract rgb:DF4vyV9-i85ZzUqbq-QLxvKtgtp-AJk9NvpL3-k4AHmcRrf-vyHksB is issued and added to the stash.
Export contract
Next, we export the contract that was just created.
$ rgb export rgb:DF4vyV9-i85ZzUqbq-QLxvKtgtp-AJk9NvpL3-k4AHmcRrf-vyHksB
RGB: command-line wallet for RGB smart contracts
by LNP/BP Standards Association
Loading descriptor from wallet my_wallet ... success
Loading stock ... success
-----BEGIN RGB CONSIGNMENT-----
Id: urn:lnp-bp:consignment:Ctc1wq-Xrqm78uM-nNaDsoHj-TJESKydn-4GLgtYmr-G9AdQE#smoke-oxford-burger
Version: v2
Type: contract
Contract-Id: rgb:DF4vyV9-i85ZzUqbq-QLxvKtgtp-AJk9NvpL3-k4AHmcRrf-vyHksB
Checksum-SHA256: 50468d33da7aab15c8c2b467126b721c4c3c6cf31d00c8964fb12e23fbc64777
0ssM^4-D2iQYiE=(kr<ho`PqD7ID7TPL?t(cy6J>o^uy=TL1t60DmODi%$$wo#Ma
...
-----END RGB CONSIGNMENT-----
The consignment encoded in base64 format will be output to the stdout
.
Alternatively, you can specify a file name to obtain the binary consignment:
$ rgb export rgb:DF4vyV9-i85ZzUqbq-QLxvKtgtp-AJk9NvpL3-k4AHmcRrf-vyHksB demo.rgb
Contract rgb:DF4vyV9-i85ZzUqbq-QLxvKtgtp-AJk9NvpL3-k4AHmcRrf-vyHksB exported to 'demo.rgb'
Import contract (or other kind of consignment)
Consignments can be imported using the import subcommand, but the RGB CLI already automatically imports the contract, so there is no need to execute it.
$ rgb import demo.rgb
Read the contract state
$ rgb state rgb:DF4vyV9-i85ZzUqbq-QLxvKtgtp-AJk9NvpL3-k4AHmcRrf-vyHksB RGB20
Global:
spec := (naming=(ticker=("DBG"), name=("Debug asset"), details=1(("Pay attention: the asset has no value"))), precision=2)
data := (terms=("..."), media=~)
issuedSupply := (100000000)
created := (1687969158)
Owned:
assetOwner:
List contract
Execute:
$ rgb contracts
Example output:
rgb:DF4vyV9-i85ZzUqbq-QLxvKtgtp-AJk9NvpL3-k4AHmcRrf-vyHksB
Take an address
$ rgb address
Term. Address
&0/0 tb1qeyu926l47099vtp7wewvhwt03vc5sn5c6t604p
Run multiple times to generate more addresses at different indexes. To view an address at given index, for example 0
,
execute:
$ rgb address --index 0
Create an address based invoice
$ rgb invoice --address-based rgb:DF4vyV9-i85ZzUqbq-QLxvKtgtp-AJk9NvpL3-k4AHmcRrf-vyHksB RGB20 100
Created invoice:
rgb:DF4vyV9-i85ZzUqbq-QLxvKtgtp-AJk9NvpL3-k4AHmcRrf-vyHksB/RGB20/100+tb:q0q6u0urtzn59cg9qacm7c5aq7ud3wmgms7stew
Here's a breakdown of the different parts of the invoice string:
rgb:DF4vyV9-i85ZzUqbq-QLxvKtgtp-AJk9NvpL3-k4AHmcRrf-vyHksB
: This is the contract ID, which is a unique identifier for the contract associated with this invoice.RGB20
: This is the interface (or protocol) used for the transaction.100
: This is the amount of the transaction, which is 100 units.tb:q0q6u0urtzn59cg9qacm7c5aq7ud3wmgms7stew
: This is the beneficiary of the transaction
The invoice string could also includes some additional parameters that are encoded as query parameters, which are
separated by the ?
character. These parameters are used to provide additional information about the transaction, such
as the operation being performed or the assignment associated with the transaction.
Validate the consignment
$ rgb validate demo.rgb
Example output:
Consignment has non-mined terminal(s)
Non-mined terminals:
- f17d544c0ac161f758d379c4366e6ede8f394da9633671908738b415ae5c8fb4
Validation warnings:
- terminal witness transaction f17d544c0ac161f758d379c4366e6ede8f394da9633671908738b415ae5c8fb4 is not yet mined.
Sign and broadcast the transaction
Create transfer:
$ rgb transfer <INVOICE> <CONSIGNMENT_FILE> [PSBT]
$ rgb transfer \
rgb:2bLwMXo-deVgzKq97-GUVy6wXea-G1nE84nxw-v5CX3WSJN-mbhsMn7/RGB20/1000+bcrt:p9yjaffzhuh9p7d9gnwfunxssngesk25tz7rudu4v69dl6e7w7qhq5x43k5 \
transfer.consignment \
alice.psbt
Now you can use bdk-cli or any other wallet to sign and broadcast the transaction.
Wait for confirmation and accept transfer
As receiver:
$ rgb accept -f CONSIGNMENT_FILE
Dependencies
~24–35MB
~444K SLoC