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#12 in Geospatial
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osm-lump-ways
group OSM ways based on topology & shared tags
Answer questions about OSM data like:
- “What's the longest Main Street?”
- “How far can I drive on unpaved roads in this region?”
- “How long is the M1 motorway?”
- “Are these rivers connected?”
- “What's the river drainage basins?”
2 similar programmes are included: osm-lump-ways
, which ignores the direction
of the OSM way, and osm-lump-ways-down
, which uses direction of OSM ways to
produce data, incl. QA suitable files. Both share similarities.
Background
OSM linear features (eg roads, rivers, walls) are stored as way
object. The OSM tagging
model often requires one feature to
be mapped as many different ways. osm-lump-ways
will assemble them all together.
Filtering OSM Data
There are 2 ways to select which OSM ways will be used. All relations are currently ignored.
Tag Filter Rules
key
/∃key
way has this tag~key_regex
/∃~key_regex
There is a key, which matches this regex.∄key
way does not has this keykey=value
way has this key and this valuekey≠value
way either doesn't have this key, or if it does, it's not equal to valuekey∈value1,value2,…
way has this key and the value is one of thesekey∉value1,value2,…
way either doesn't have this key, or if it does, it's not one of these valueskey~regex
way has this key and the value matches this regex.F1∨F2∨F3…
logical OR of the other tag filters F1, F2, …F1∧F2∧F3…
logical AND of the other tag filters F1, F2, …
The popular regex
crate is used for
matching. Regexes, and string comparison, are case sensitive. Add (?i)
at
start of regex to switch to case insensitive (e.g. name~(?i).* street
)
Regexes match the whole value, name~[Ss]treet
will match Street
or
street
, but not Main Street North
nor Main Street
. Use
name~.*[Ss]treet.*
to match all.
Simple Tag Filtering
The -f
/--tag-filter
can be specified one or more times, and an OSM object
is only included if it matches all defined filter's, i.e. a logical
AND of all filters.
-f highway
: Only ways with ahighway
tag are included-f highway -f name
: Only ways with ahighway
andname
tag are included.-f highway -f ∄name
: Only ways with ahighway
and without aname
tag are included.
More complex Tag Filtering Functions
The -F
/--tag-filter-func
takes a single ordered list of tag filters (separated by ;
),
and includes (with →T
), or excludes (with →F
), the OSM object based
on the first filter function which matches. A bare T
or F
applies to all.
Example: We want to include all waterways
. But not waterway=canal
. But we
want a waterway=canal
iff it also has a lock=yes
tag.
-F "waterway=canal∧lock=yes→T; waterway=canal→F; waterway→T; F
If the argument to -F
/--tag-filter-func
starts with @
, the rest is a
filename containing the tag filter func code. e.g. -F @myrules.txt
. In this
mode, a line include FILENAME;
will include the contents of another file
there. FILENAME
is a path relative to the original filename. It will be
expanded recursively.
Comments start with #
and continue to the end of the line. Since the ;
is
special, it cannot be directly used in tag filtering. Use \u{3B}
instead.
e.g. waterway=put_in\u{3B}egress→F;
is a rule to exclude any tag with key
waterway
and value put_in;egress
.
Output
File format
If a filename ends with .geojson
, a GeoJSON file
(RFC 7946 will be created. For
.geojsons
, a GeoJSON Text Sequences
(RFC 8142), aka GeoJSONSeq, file.
Geometry format
By default each feature is a MultiLineString
, representing every way group.
With --split-into-single-paths
, each way group will be split into 1 or more
LineString
s, controlled by the --split-into-single-paths-by X
argument. By
default the as-crow-flies
distance is used. longest-path
uses the longest
path in the graph, and this can take days to calculate on large networks.
Input
The input must be an OSM PBF file. Use osmium to convert between OSM file formats.
The input
object ids
must be positive. OSM import software often uses
negative ids.
Use osmium sort
and then osmium renumber
like
so, to create an acceptable file.
osmium sort negative-id-file.osm.pbf -o sorted.osm.obf
osmium renumber sorted.osm.pbf -o new-input.osm.pbf
Installation
cargo install osm-lump-ways
This will install the 2 programmes: osm-lump-ways
& osm-lump-ways-down
.
osm-lump-ways
ignores the direction of the OSM ways, and produces single
output files. It can be used for waterways or watersheds, but also for roads or
similar. osm-lump-ways-down
uses the direction of the OSM data to produce
many similar files.
osm-lump-ways
Usage
Generate river drainage basins
osm-lump-ways -i path/to/region-latest.osm.pbf -o region-rivers.geojson -f waterway=river
To group based on the river's name:
osm-lump-ways -i path/to/region-latest.osm.pbf -o region-rivers.geojson -f waterway=river -g name
To find long streets and assemble them into connected (Multi)LineStrings:
osm-lump-ways -i path/to/region-latest.osm.pbf -o long-streets.geojson -f highway -g name
Full Options
Run with --help
to see all options.
Frames
Here, a “frame” of a grouping is a shortest path through 2 points in the grouped together ways. This can be useful for waterways to find where a big group is connected.
--output-frames FILENAME.geojsons
will save these features to a file.
GeoJSONSeq output format only.
Examples of usage
- WaterwayMap.org
- Longest O'Connell Street in Ireland
- Road most split in UK&Irl
- Die Bahnhofstrassen in jeder Schweizer Sprachregion (german language only)
- Your project here!
osm-lump-ways-down
It reads & groups an OSM PBF file, like osm-lump-ways
, but it uses the
direction of the OSM way, to produce many different output files.
Output files
It can output different files, depending on the options:
--loops FILENAME
Cycles in the network. Each is a strongly connected
component, and MultiLineString
.
Feature Properties
areas
: Array of Strings. The cycle is geocoded usingcountry-borders
. The code for every matching area is included in this array, sorted with longest strings first. e.g.:["GB-ENG","GB"],
areas_s
: String.areas
, but the array has been converted to a string, and comma separated, with a,
prefix & suffix. e.g.",GB-ENG,GB,"
. The prefix & suffix ensure you can always search for,GB,
in that property and get a match.area_N
: String. One for every element inareas
, with a numeric suffix and the item itself. e.g."areas_s":",GB-ENG,GB,"
then there will be"area_0":"GB-ENG","area_1":"GB"
. These properties are for software which doesn't support JSON arrays.length_m
: Float. Total length of this cycle, in metres.nodes
: String. All the node ids in this cycle, sorted, and deduplicated, and saved e.g."n318688661,n5354970286,n1016277960
.root_node_id
: Integer. Node id of the lowest numbered node in this cycle.num_nodes
: Integer. Number of nodes in this cycle. incl. duplicates.
Loops stats CSV
With --loops-csv-stats-file FILENAME.csv
, a CSV file with statistics of the loops,
along with a breakdown per region is created. If the file is already there, the
data is appended.
See the doc comment
src/bin/osm-lump-ways-down/cli_args.rs
,
or run osm-lump-ways-down --help
for the format.
--upstreams FILENAME
Each way segment (a 2 point LineString
) with the upstream data.
With --upstream-output-ends-full
, each segement get information about all the end
point(s) that the segment eventually flows into.
Assigning to an end point
With --upstream-outpout-biggest-end
, each segment will be assigned to the end
point that it flows into which has the largest total outflow value.
With --upstream-assign-end-by-tag TAG
, it will attempt to follow the same OSM
tag upstream from an end point. When used with the name
tag, this usually
produces maps that are more like what people expect.
--grouped\_ends FILENAME
Ways grouped by downhill and the end point they flow into. The upstream value of each segment isn't included, and it attemptes to generate long LineStrings, grouped by the end point that it flows into.
See the --upstream-outpout-biggest-end
& --upstream-assign-end-by-tag TAG
arguments.
--ends FILENAME
Points where waterways end.
Ends membership of tagged ways
--ends-membership TAGFILTER
With the --ends-membership TAGFILTER
arg every end will have a boolean
property called is_in:TAGFILTER
which is only true if this end node is a
member of a way with this tag filter. This argument can be applied many times.
An addditional property is_in_count
is an integer of how many of these
properties are true.
e.g. --ends-membership natural=coastline
will cause each end point to have a
JSON property is_in:natural=coastline
which is true
iff this node is also a
member of a way with the natural=coastline
tag, false otherwise.
--ends-tag TAG
Every end point will have a JSON property tag:X
which is the tag
e.g. --ends-tag name
will cause every end point to have a tag:name
JSON
property, with the name
tag from the way which flows into this end point.
Unlike --ends-membership
this only uses the OSM ways which are included by
the tag filters
ends-full-upstreams
Only with --ends-upstreams
argument. File of MultiLineStrings showing, for
each end, where the upstreams are. Useful to find why there's a big upstream
end somewhere.
--ends-upstreams-min-upstream-m 1e6 --ends-upstreams-max-nodes 1000
is a good tradeoff for calculation speed & file size, which still shows the relevant upstreams
Ends stats CSV
With --ends-csv-file FILENAME.csv
, the end points are also written to a CSV
file. If the file is already there, new data is appended. Values from
--ends-tag
(in order) are included in the CSV. Changing the arguments (or
order) will make a possibly invalid CSV file.
Only end points with an upstream_m
greater than --ends-csv-min-length-m X
will be included, and only the largest N from --ends-csv-only-largest-n N
See the doc comment
src/bin/osm-lump-ways-down/cli_args.rs
, or run osm-lump-ways-down --help
for the format.
Loop removal
After the loops are detected, all the edges (way segments) in the loops are contracted together, producing a new graph which is loop-free.
TODOs
This software isn't finished. Lots is being motivated for WaterwayMap.org, a topological analysis of waterways in OpenStreetMap.
External Mentions
TBC
Copyright & Licence
Copyright 2023, 2024, MIT/Apache2.0. Source code is on
Github (osm-lump-ways
).
The output data file(s) are a Derived Database of the OpenStreetMap database, and hence under the ODbL 1.0 licence, the same as the OpenStreetMap copyright, and contains data © OpenStreetMap contributors
Dependencies
~53MB
~864K SLoC