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0.11.4 | Mar 21, 2023 |
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0.11.2 | Jan 5, 2021 |
0.3.3 | Dec 30, 2020 |
#511 in Asynchronous
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async-fuse
Helpers for "fusing" asynchronous computations.
A fused operation has a well-defined behavior once the operation has
completed. For Fuse
it means that an operation that has completed will
block forever by returning Poll::Pending
.
This is similar to the Fuse
type provided in
futures-rs, but provides more utility allowing it to interact with types
which does not implement FusedFuture
or FusedStream
as is now the
case with all Tokio types since 1.0.
We also use Fuse
to represent optional values, just like Option
. But
Fuse
provides implementations and functions which allow us to safely
perform operations over the value when it's pinned. Exactly what's needed to
drive a Stream
(see next
) or poll a Future
that might or might
not be set.
Features
Simplifying tokio::select!
One of the main uses for Fuse
is to simplify how we use
tokio::select!
. In this section we'll look at how we can improve an
optional branch, where the future being polled might or might not be set.
let mut maybe_future = Some(async { 42u32 });
tokio::pin!(maybe_future);
tokio::select! {
value = async { maybe_future.as_mut().as_pin_mut().unwrap().await }, if maybe_future.is_some() => {
maybe_future.set(None);
assert_eq!(value, 42);
}
/* other branches */
}
assert!(maybe_future.is_none());
The async
block above is necessary because the future is polled eagerly
regardless of the branch precondition. This would cause the unwrap
to
panic in case the future isn't set. We also need to explicitly set the pin
to None
after completion. Otherwise we might poll it later which might
panic.
With Fuse
we can rewrite the branch and remove the async
block. It also
unsets the future for us after completion.
use async_fuse::Fuse;
let mut maybe_future = Fuse::new(async { 42u32 });
tokio::pin!(maybe_future);
tokio::select! {
value = &mut maybe_future, if !maybe_future.is_empty() => {
assert_eq!(value, 42);
}
/* other branches */
}
assert!(maybe_future.is_empty());
Finally if we don't need the else branch to evalute we can skip the branch precondition entirely. Allowing us to further reduce the code.
use async_fuse::Fuse;
let mut maybe_future = Fuse::new(async { 42u32 });
tokio::pin!(maybe_future);
tokio::select! {
value = &mut maybe_future => {
assert_eq!(value, 42);
}
/* other branches */
}
assert!(maybe_future.is_empty());
Fusing on the stack
For the first example we'll be fusing the value on the stack using
tokio::pin!
. We'll also be updating the fuse as it completes with
another sleep with a configurable delay. Mimicking the behavior of
Interval
.
This is available as the
stack_ticker
example:cargo run --example stack_ticker
use async_fuse::Fuse;
use std::time::Duration;
use tokio::time;
let mut duration = Duration::from_millis(500);
let sleep = Fuse::new(time::sleep(duration));
tokio::pin!(sleep);
let update_duration = Fuse::new(time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)));
tokio::pin!(update_duration);
for _ in 0..10usize {
tokio::select! {
_ = &mut sleep => {
println!("Tick");
sleep.set(Fuse::new(time::sleep(duration)));
}
_ = &mut update_duration => {
println!("Tick faster!");
duration = Duration::from_millis(250);
}
}
}
Fusing on the heap
For some types it might be easier to fuse the value on the heap. To make
this easier, we provide the Fuse::pin
constructor which provides a fused
value which is pinned on the heap.
As a result, it looks pretty similar to the above example.
This is available as the
heap_ticker
example:cargo run --example heap_ticker
use async_fuse::Fuse;
use std::time::Duration;
use tokio::time;
let mut duration = Duration::from_millis(500);
let mut sleep = Fuse::pin(time::sleep(duration));
let mut update_duration = Fuse::pin(time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)));
for _ in 0..10usize {
tokio::select! {
_ = &mut sleep => {
println!("Tick");
sleep.set(Box::pin(time::sleep(duration)));
}
_ = &mut update_duration => {
println!("Tick faster!");
duration = Duration::from_millis(250);
}
}
}
Fusing trait objects
The following showcases how we can fuse a trait object. Trait objects are useful since they allow the fused value to change between distinct implementations. The price is that we perform dynamic dispatch which has a small cost.
Also note that because CoerceUnsized
is not yet stable, we cannot use
Fuse::pin
for convenience and have to pass a pinned box through
Fuse::new
.
This is available as the
trait_object_ticker
example:cargo run --example trait_object_ticker
use async_fuse::Fuse;
use std::future::Future;
use std::pin::Pin;
use std::time::Duration;
use tokio::time;
let mut duration = Duration::from_millis(500);
let mut sleep: Fuse<Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>>> =
Fuse::new(Box::pin(time::sleep(duration)));
let mut update_duration: Fuse<Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>>> =
Fuse::new(Box::pin(time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(2))));
for _ in 0..10usize {
tokio::select! {
_ = &mut sleep => {
println!("Tick");
sleep.set(Box::pin(time::sleep(duration)));
}
_ = &mut update_duration => {
println!("Tick faster!");
duration = Duration::from_millis(250);
}
}
}